Florence Fennel, also known as bulbing fennel, is a delicious, aromatic herb and vegetable grown for its crisp, anise-flavored bulb, feathery fronds, and edible seeds. Ideal for cool-season gardening, it’s popular in Mediterranean and gourmet cuisine.

Quick Facts

• Botanical name: Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum

• Common names: Florence Fennel, Bulb Fennel, Finocchio

• Plant type: Cool-season annual or biennial

• Days to maturity: 80–100 days

• Height: 24–36 inches

• Sun exposure: Full sun

• Hardiness zones: USDA 6–10 (tender in cold zones)

• Spacing: 10–12 inches apart

When to Plant

• Spring: Sow directly 2–3 weeks after the last frost.

• Fall: In mild climates, sow 10–12 weeks before the first frost for a fall crop.

• Germination time: 7–14 days at 60–75°F (16–24°C)

• Note: Fennel does not transplant well; direct sowing is best.

How to Plant

1. Soil preparation: Loose, fertile, well-drained soil rich in organic matter.

2. Sowing depth: 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep.

3. Thinning: Thin to 10–12 inches apart once seedlings are 2–3 inches tall.

4. Watering: Keep soil consistently moist to promote bulb formation and prevent bolting.

Growing Tips

• Florence fennel prefers cooler temperatures and may bolt in summer heat.

• To encourage larger bulbs, hill soil around the base of the plant as it matures.

• Avoid planting near dill or coriander, which may cross-pollinate and affect flavor.

• Feathery fronds can be harvested before the bulb matures for culinary use.

Harvesting

• Bulbs: Harvest when they reach 3–4 inches in diameter, before they become woody. Cut at soil level.

• Leaves (fronds): Snip as needed — excellent for garnishing and flavoring dishes.

• Seeds: Collect when seed heads turn brown and dry. Store in an airtight container.

Culinary Use

• Bulb: Slice raw into salads or roast, grill, braise, or sauté.

• Fronds: Use fresh as an herb in soups, seafood, or dressings.

• Seeds: Toast or grind into spice blends, or use in tea for digestive support.

Companion Plants

Pairs well with lettuce, cucumbers, and onions. Avoid planting with tomatoes, beans, or other umbellifers (like dill or carrot).

Why Grow Florence Fennel?

Florence fennel adds a gourmet touch to your garden and kitchen. With its crisp texture, licorice flavor, and multiple edible parts, it’s perfect for food lovers, herb growers, and health-conscious gardeners.