Bergamot
Bergamot, also known as Bee Balm, is a fragrant, flowering herb in the mint family valued for its vibrant blooms and pollinator appeal. It’s a hardy perennial often used in tea blends, cottage gardens, and wildlife-friendly landscapes.
Quick Facts
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Botanical name: Monarda didyma (scarlet/red bergamot) or Monarda fistulosa (wild/lavender bergamot)
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Common names: Bergamot, Bee Balm, Oswego Tea, Monarda
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Plant type: Perennial herb
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Days to maturity: First flowers in 100–120 days; blooms reliably in second year
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Height: 24–48 inches
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Sun exposure: Full sun to partial shade
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Hardiness zones: USDA 4–9
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Spacing: 18–24 inches apart
When to Plant
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Spring: Sow indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost or direct sow after last frost.
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Fall (optional): Can be fall-sown in mild climates or stratified for spring.
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Germination time: 10–20 days at 65–70°F (18–21°C)
How to Plant
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Soil preparation: Rich, moist, well-draining soil; amend with compost if needed.
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Sowing depth: Lightly press seeds into the soil surface; do not cover deeply—light aids germination.
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Transplanting: Harden off and transplant outdoors after frost danger has passed.
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Watering: Keep consistently moist but not soggy. Mature plants are moderately drought-tolerant.
Growing Tips
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Space generously to reduce powdery mildew, a common issue in humid conditions.
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Pinch back young plants to promote bushier growth.
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Divide clumps every 2–3 years in early spring or fall to maintain vigor.
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Cut stems back after flowering to encourage a second flush.
Harvesting & Use
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Leaves & flowers: Harvest just before or during blooming for tea, drying, or potpourri.
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Edible uses: Leaves and flowers have a citrusy, herbal flavor — great for herbal teas, syrups, and garnishes.
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Pollinators: Attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.
Companion Plants
Bergamot grows well with echinacea, black-eyed Susan, yarrow, bee-friendly herbs (like thyme and oregano), and ornamental grasses. Excellent for pollinator and medicinal gardens.
Why Grow Bergamot?
Bergamot is a pollinator magnet, a tea herb, and a beautiful perennial that adds bright summer color to any garden. It's easy to grow, supports biodiversity, and serves both ornamental and culinary purposes.