Hot Pepper Serrano (Capsicum annuum) is a spicy, high-yielding chili pepper variety known for its smooth, slender shape and crisp, fiery flavor. It is commonly used in salsas, sauces, and fresh dishes. Serrano peppers are hotter than jalapeños but milder than habaneros, making them a favorite for spice lovers. These peppers thrive in warm climates and produce abundant fruit throughout the season.

How to Grow Serrano Peppers

Sowing and Germination

• Starting Indoors:

  • Start seeds 8–10 weeks before the last frost in seed trays or small pots.
  • Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-draining soil.
  • Maintain a temperature of 75–85°F for optimal germination (a heat mat helps).
  • Germination occurs in 7–14 days.

• Transplanting:

  • Harden off seedlings 7–10 days before transplanting outdoors.
  • Transplant when night temperatures stay above 55°F and soil temperature is at least 70°F.

Plant Spacing:

• Space plants 12–18 inches apart in rows 24–36 inches apart for good airflow and fruit development.

Soil Requirements:

• Prefers well-drained, loamy soil with a pH of 6.0–6.8.
• Enrich soil with compost or aged manure before planting.

Sunlight:

• Requires full sun, at least 6–8 hours daily, for maximum yield and spice level.

Growing Serrano Peppers

Watering:

• Water consistently, about 1–2 inches per week, keeping the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged.
• Avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal diseases.

Mulching:

• Apply a light layer of mulch to retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.

Fertilizing:

• Use a balanced fertilizer (5-10-10) at planting.
• Once flowers appear, switch to a low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer to encourage fruit production.
• Avoid excessive nitrogen to prevent excessive leafy growth at the expense of fruit.

Pest and Disease Management:

• Common Pests: Aphids, spider mites, and pepper weevils—use neem oil or insecticidal soap as needed.
• Fungal Diseases: Ensure good airflow, avoid overcrowding, and use well-drained soil to prevent powdery mildew and bacterial leaf spot.
• Rotate crops yearly to prevent soil-borne diseases.

Fast Facts

• Latin Name: Capsicum annuum
• Type: Annual (in most climates), Perennial in warm regions
• USDA Zones: 3–11 (grown as an annual), 9–11 (perennial)
• Days to Germination: 7–14 days
• Days to Maturity: 75–85 days
• Plant Height: 24–36 inches
• Spacing: 12–18 inches apart
• Soil pH: 6.0–6.8
• Fruit Color: Green when unripe, ripening to red or orange
• Heat Level: 10,000–23,000 Scoville Heat Units (SHU) (spicier than jalapeños)

How and When to Harvest Serrano Peppers

• Harvest when peppers are 3–4 inches long and firm, glossy green (about 75–85 days after transplanting).
• For a sweeter, hotter flavor, allow peppers to ripen to red, orange, or yellow.
• Use scissors or garden shears to cut the peppers with a short stem attached to avoid damaging the plant.
• Picking frequently encourages more fruit production.

Serrano Pepper Seed Saving

• Select fully ripe, red serrano peppers for seed saving.
• Cut open the pepper, remove seeds, and spread them on a paper towel to dry for 1–2 weeks in a warm, dry place.
• Store dried seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dark place for up to 3 years.

Serrano peppers are a spicy, productive, and easy-to-grow variety perfect for fresh salsas, pickling, or drying. With proper care, you'll enjoy a continuous harvest of these fiery chilies all season long! 🌶🔥